The Big Bang Theory Essays - Physical Cosmology, Big Bang, Universe

The Big Bang Theory The Big Bang Theory It is always a mystery about how the universe began, whether if and when it will end. Astronomers construct hypotheses called cosmological models that try to find the answer. There are two types of models: Big Bang and Steady State. However, through many observational evidences, the Big Bang theory can best explain the creation of the universe. The Big Bang model postulates that about 15 to 20 billion years ago, the universe violently exploded into being, in an event called the Big Bang. Before the Big Bang, all of the matter and radiation of our present universe were packed together in the primeval fireball?an extremely hot dense state from which the universe rapidly expanded.1 The Big Bang was the start of time and space. The matter and radiation of that early stage rapidly expanded and cooled. Several million years later, it condensed into galaxies. The universe has continued to expand, and the galaxies have continued moving away from each other ever since. Today the universe is still expanding, as astronomers have observed. The Steady State model says that the universe does not evolve or change in time. There was no beginning in the past, nor will there be change in the future. This model assumes the perfect cosmological principle. This principle says that the universe is the same everywhere on the large scale, at all times.2 It maintains the same average density of matter forever. There are observational evidences found that can prove the Big Bang model is more reasonable than the Steady State model. First, the redshifts of distant galaxies. Redshift is a Doppler effect which states that if a galaxy is moving away, the spectral line of that galaxy observed will have a shift to the red end. The faster the galaxy moves, the more shift it has. If the galaxy is moving closer, the spectral line will show a blue shift. If the galaxy is not moving, there is no shift at all. However, as astronomers observed, the more distance a galaxy is located from Earth, the more redshift it shows on the spectrum. This means the further a galaxy is, the faster it moves. Therefore, the universe is expanding, and the Big Bang model seems more reasonable than the Steady State model. The second observational evidence is the radiation produced by the Big Bang. The Big Bang model predicts that the universe should still be filled with a small remnant of radiation left over from the original violent explosion of the primeval fireball in the past. The primeval fireball would have sent strong shortwave radiation in all directions into space. In time, that radiation would spread out, cool, and fill the expanding universe uniformly. By now it would strike Earth as microwave radiation. In 1965 physicists Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson detected microwave radiation coming equally from all directions in the sky, day and night, all year.3 And so it appears that astronomers have detected the fireball radiation that was produced by the Big Bang. This casts serious doubt on the Steady State model. The Steady State could not explain the existence of this radiation, so the model cannot best explain the beginning of the universe. Since the Big Bang model is the better model, the existence and the future of the universe can also be explained. Around 15 to 20 billion years ago, time began. The points that were to become the universe exploded in the primeval fireball called the Big Bang. The exact nature of this explosion may never be known. However, recent theoretical breakthroughs, based on the principles of quantum theory, have suggested that space, and the matter within it, masks an infinitesimal realm of utter chaos, where events happen randomly, in a state called quantum weirdness.4Before the universe began, this chaos was all there was. At some time, a portion of this randomness happened to form a bubble, with a temperature in excess of 10 to the power of 34 degrees Kelvin. Being that hot, naturally it expanded. For an extremely brief and short period, billionths of billionths of a second, it inflated. At the end of the period of inflation, the universe may have a diameter of a few centimetres. The temperature had cooled enough for particles of matter and antimatter to form, and they instantly destroy each other, producing fire and a thin haze of matter-apparently because slightly more matter than antimatter was formed.5 The fireball, and the smoke of its burning, was the

Robby Gamble Essays (1075 words) - Automation, Factory, Free Essays

Robby Gamble Essays (1075 words) - Automation, Factory, Free Essays Robby Gamble Professor Kelly EH1102-024 9 March, 2017 Is a robotic takeover upon us? Would you believe me if I told you in the near future 70 percent of the occupations American youth are aspiring to fill will be replaced by automation? As outlandish as this claim may sound, history has proven it to be true. In the early 19 th century the majority of the American workforce was centered around farms . As time progressed and the Industrial Revolution came along, a plethora of new jobs were generated in factories, and based around the machinery produced in theses factories. Thus , many Americans left their jobs on farms and flocked to factories . "Today automation has eliminated all but 1 percent of [farmer's] jobs, replacing them, (and their work animals) with machines (Kelly 299)." This concept is the premise of what Kevin Kelly, an author, founding member, and senior maverick at Wired , discusses in his article "Better than Human: Why Robots Will-and Must- Take Our Jobs". Kelly believes that an automation takeover is unavoi dable, and through this takeover , humans will be further advanced as a species. While I do believe Kelly ' s argument holds truth and validity, I do no t necessarily believe this takeover will be completely beneficial to the human race, the time period in which this takeover supposedly will happen is up for debate . Kelly begins his article by discussing the various methods by which automation and artificial intelligence has and is already being integrated into the American work force. He gives an example of an AI name d B axter. There are three things that separate Baxter from different forms of automation; Baxter has eyes, so he can sense his surroundings making him less hazardous than other machinery; Baxter can be easily programmed, so it does not take a higher level of education to program him , it does not take long to program him , and he will consistently preform whatever task he is assigned; a nd finally, Baxter is less costly than AI that is similar to him . As Kelly moves forward in his argument, he shifts his focus from different forms of automation to the actual relationship humans have with automation. Kelly uses a visual aid to convey the human robotic relationship. His visual aid can be broken down into four quadrants: Jobs today that humans do-but machines will eventually do better, Current jobs that humans can't do but machines can, Robots jobs that we can't even imagine yet, and Jobs that only huma ns will be able to do- at first. His visual aid serves as an excellent method to explain his idea that robots will take over the jobs we currently have, and they will force us to create new jobs. This continuous cycle will allow humans to focus on art, music, and other creative outlets that define the essence of being human. Finally, Kelly closes his argument by giving his readers something similar to the five stages of grief, but it is seven stages long and focus on accepting robots replacing humans in the workplace. While I do support Kelly's claims I do not do so whole heartedly. Kelly fails to i nclude the fact that people from every day citizens to the president of the United States are already arguing that jobs are being shipped across seas and taken over by robots. With that being said, I do not believe it will be easy to further integrate artificial intelligence into the workplace on a large scale swiftly. I truly believe that survival is something that comes natura l l y to humans, so its unlike ly that robots have the potential to wipe humans off the face of the planet, however I do question the human ability to maintain a high level of creativity and innovation. Kelly is very optimistic about this cycle of creation; however, it is hard to determine how long originality will last. An example is found in modern music. Major artists, such as Kanye West, are guilty of sampling music created in previous generations to create new music. While some may argue that looking to the past for inspiration can

Angular Acceleration in a Rotational Motion Lab Report

Angular Acceleration in a Rotational Motion Summary sheet Objective The experiment aims at determining terminal angular velo and angular acceleration in a rotational motion. It also aims at determining involved moment of inertia in the experiment and compares the experimental value with the theoretically computed value. Method The experiment used a wheel, a rope, and a suspended mass. The wheel was fixed at a height and the mass suspended on the rope that was attached to the freely rotational wheel. The radius of the wheel was measured and recorded. The height between the affixed mass and the floor, representing the distance to be travelled by the mass, was then measured and recorded. The mass, 20 grams, was then released to fall over the height. Time taken by the mass over the distance was measured and the experiment repeated three times. The experiment was repeated for different masses, 50 g, 70 g, and 100 g, and the time taken for each mass to travel over the distance noted. Results The research results and subsequently derived values are shown bellow. mass 20 g 50 g 70 g 100 g distance 0.9 m 0.9 m 0.9 m 0.9 m time tken by the falling mass first trial 4.135 2.79 2.03 1.89 second trial 4.25 2.58 2.37 1.8 third trial 4.085 2.62 2.1 1.99 average time 4.15 2.66 2.16 1.89 average velocity 0.216 0.34 0.417 0.479 final velocity 0.436 0.68 0.8358 0.956 acceleration 0.105 0.255 0.3857 0.507 angular acceleration 1.039 2.522 3.815 4.99 tension in the tape 0.149 0.478 0.659 0.931 torque acting on the wheel axle 0.02 0.0483 0.0667 0.0941 total mass of the wheel (M) 3.799kg circumference of the wheel 0.655 m radius of the wheel 0.1011m frictional torque from the graph 0 calculated inertia 0.0194 measured inertia 0.191 moment of inertia, percentage difference 1.53 % Applications One of the practical applications of rotational motion and its associated inertia is the balancing of weight on bicycles. While a bicycle is stationary, it is very difficult to balance its weight and other weights that may be placed on it. The rotational force of the wheels that results in the vessels motion however induces inertial that makes balancing easier and prevents the bicycle from falling. The concept of rotational inertia is also applicable in explaining relatively larger forces in operating objects with circular shapes. An example is an umbrella whose opening and closing requires larger forces that even the mass of the objects. The extra force is determined by the distribution of particles in the umbrella and not mass only. Consequently, an umbrella has a larger inertia, relative to its mass, because of rotational properties that are characteristics of its particles’ distribution (Goswami, p. 105). Calculations Average and final velocities are computed from the formula, Velocity = distance/ time. For the 20 g mass, Average velocity= 0.9/4.15 = 0.216 m/s (trancated) The other velocities are similarly calculated from corresponding distances and times. Acceleration =change in velocity/ time. Therefore acceleration for the 20 g mass= 0.436/4.15 =0.0105. The other accelerations are similarly calculated. Percentage error = {(calculated inertia- measured inertia)/calculated inertia}*100 ={(0.0.0194-0.0191)/0.0194}*100 =(0.0003/0.0194)*100 =1.54 % Works cited Goswami, Amit. The physicists’ view of nature. New York, NY: Springer

MATH PROJECT Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MATH PROJECT - Term Paper Example In this work the cross-section of a gutter has been optimized to contain maximum water with a fixed amount (length) of the material of construction. A gutter is to be made of plastic to catch water at the edge of a roof. Naturally the manufactures would like to have a design of a gutter that hold maximum of water with a given amount of material required to fabricate the gutter. Now the problem is what should be the shape of the cross section of the gutter. This appears to be a problem of maxima and minima. Looking at the suggested cross – sections the problem reduces to minimizing the periphery of the gutter cross section for a given area of the cross-section, this is because, while the periphery is made of the construction material (here plastic) the cross-section hold the water. Let us assume that the length of material (here plastic) is ‘l’ and this is folded to make different cross – sections for the gutter with area ‘A’. Now for a given area ‘A’, the length of the material ‘L’ should be minimized or for a given length of the material ‘L’, the cross-sectional area ‘A’ should be maximum. In this analysis, four shapes will be considered – Triangular cross - section, Rectangular Cross –section, Semicircular cross – section and circular cross –

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 13

Report - Essay Example The author, Klitzman, gives detailed information on the procedure that would help prevent passing on of the gene mutations (1). The author uses a critical language and calls for attention to the ethical and social issues surrounding the PGD. Additionally, the topic of the article is in the form of a question. It asks whether genetic testing of humans is playing God. This shows that Klitzman calls for attention to genetic testing of humans. The article is comprehensive and articulates numerous instances of the severity of Huntington disease and that of the pre-implantation genetic diagnosis procedure. The author articulates that Woody Guthrie succumbed to Huntington disease. He also notes that some people opt not to be tested because they fear getting a genetic test is similar to acquiring a death sentence. Additionally, the author also articulates how a woman he interviewed was afraid to know whether she had the Huntington disease. Though the woman wanted to safeguard her children against the disease, she was worried too that she would be playing with God. These examples have been used to emphasize on the criticality of the matter in discussion. Klitzman, Robert. "Opinion: Is genetic testing humans playing God? .com." CNN. CNN, 22  Feb.  2014. Web. 24  Feb.  2014. . This article details how the popularity of CNN, one of the biggest News Channel in the world, has gone down considerably because of reporting errors. According to the author, Carr, the biggest blow to CNN was the error report they gave on the defeat of President Obama’s health care law. However, many people still impulsively look to CNN when big news breaks. The broadcasting station also dealt a blow on its reputation after CNN’s correspondent King reported that a suspect had been arrested, which later turned out to be false (Carr 1). The article also

A mom before the Prom Essay Example for Free

A mom before the Prom Essay Teen pregnancy has been gravelly increased in the last few years. Bad media influences (Many programs at TV programs or sexual content movies as well as other mediums) can be the factors that teen girls nowadays are getting a wrong advice that teen motherhood can a common way to live. Partners and friends’s bad influence is making them think that is right to have sex at a young age and will make them feel more popular. In that regards, this essay by Cristina page is restating the issue that more forms of bad media and wrong people’s influences are available today than ever before and consequently teens girls are much more exposed to a lot of information and these sometimes switch teen girl’s mind to do something wrong when they think is totally normal and it also has made teen girls to believe that having children at a young age might be beneficial because they think giving a child for adoption might improve their fortune giving them away for millions of dollars , so it can’t ruin her adolescence too but in reality it can really affect them. Personally I can share the view of the author in this essay: Teen pregnancy is in reality one of the most difficult experiences a teen girl might ever face when that can interrupt her education or other plans such as getting a better career or maintain fathers with them, but most of the time it doesn’t work and that’s when the situation gets worse. Children usually grow without a father figure when their parents have them at a very young age or sometimes they don’t even live with both parents because they can’t take care of them or support them economically. So when this children start to live without a parental guide , they grow adopting a bad behavior and getting the wrong advices from other bad people and turned into criminals , stealers, or other people of bad reputation because they live in a poor ambient without having a parent who can guide and help them to raise their levels of education. Most of the time, when teen moms decide to have a baby, teen girls don’t really take care of their babies when they are still formatting inside their body as old mothers and because of their immaturity, sometimes they don’t realize the huge damage they cause to their babies if they start smoking and drinking or working so hard because now they need to support themselves economically carrying heavy stuff when they have to rest the most during their pregnancy. Children are tending to born prematurely, with a disease, a mental retardation or even born death. Usually we think that there’s not any difference of acquiring the same standards of education or a good life when a kid’s parents are so young and the other’s parent are more mature. The children of teen parents can suffer more of abuse at home and at school or disregard from their parents and grow more with farness or adopt a bad behavior, so that implies that they could not do so well at school, they could get lower grades and repeat their classes or drop out from High School without completing their education. This might increase the raise of poverty in families with young parents too and this leads society into decreasing its economy too. I really enjoyed reading this essay because it deals with a controversial issue and restates the causes of why teen pregnancy is becoming a worldwide problem, it must be thought in class so we can share our own viewpoints about it. 10-) – I encourage people to consider more this issue because if we want a better life for our

ECON 4131, International Finance, Spring 2002, Exam 3 Final Essay examp

Final Exam Questions -- Economics 4131, Spring 2006 1. Explain how the gold standard operated in the classical period (1870-1914). What were the advantages and disadvantages? Some say the gold standard sacrificed internal balance to external balance. How? What were the â€Å"rules of the game† and what would happen when they were violated? What would happen when the demand for monetary gold rose faster than the supply, and why was this a problem? 2. Explain the functioning of the Bretton Woods currency arrangement. Why was it designed as it was? What strains appeared over time, and what factors led to its collapse? What was â€Å"Triffin’s dilemma†? 3. Use the national income accounting identity to explain the phenomenon of â€Å"twin deficits.† Explain how the surge in the U.S. fiscal deficit has spilled into a need for international finance. What are the current sources of this finance? Describe the dilemma facing the Asian central banks. Describe the â€Å"hard landing† scenario. What needs to be done to ensure a â€Å"soft landing†? 4. Explain step-by-step why and how a central bank might w...

Disorder/Illness of hand

The hand of a man is one of most active organs of the body. It consists of various parts such as bones, muscles, fingers, thumbs, nerves and skin all of which can be affected by different forms of ailments. Common disorders in the hands include injuries, ganglia, and infections, ailments of the nerves, blood vessels, skin, osteoarthritis and tendonitis. Injuries can result to fractures on part of the bone, rupturing of ligaments and even dislocations (David, 2004). The largest part of the hand is composed of fingers.Disorders in this part of the hand may occur on the joints as a result of strained activity or due an infection of arthritis. The curling of the fingertip which leads to failure of the fingertip to straighten is known as the mallet finger. In most cases, this disorder results from an injury which leads to tearing of the tendon from the bone. This condition is treated by placing the affected finger in a straight position and maintaining it for some time to let the conditio n heal. Button-hole deformity is a disorder which affects the joint of the middle finger.The finger bends in a fixed position in the direction of the palm. In addition the outermost finger tends to portray an excessive bending in the direction away from the palm. This disorder is caused by the rheumatoid arthritis infection. The swelling on the finger joints forming cysts is known as osteoarthritis of the hand causes painful swellings on affected the part of the hand (David, 2004). Ganglion is another disorder which presents itself in form of gelatinous swellings which appear on the back of the palm or wrist.They develop into firm shaped swellings which protrude above the surface of the skin. Even though they are painless, ganglia causes a lot of discomfort on the patient which limits efficient use of hands. Infection disorders may be related to bacterial and viral infections. Common bacterial infections on the hand cause abscess or swellings. These may occur on parts with injured c ells such as wounds and bites. Application of antibiotic prevents the possibilities of getting these kinds of infections. Infections of the soft pulp tissue of the fingertip are known as felon.This causes swelling leading to death of surrounding tissues. The common viral infection on hand results in Herpetic Whitlow which is caused by the infection of herpes which spreads to hands forming fluid-filled blisters on the skin of the fingers. This disorder however disappears with treatment of herpes infection. Osteoarthritis presents itself through the extension of the bones over the outermost joints. This leads to formation of painful swelling on the finger joints. Joints between the fingers are not affected by the condition.The affected joints may be misaligned forming a crooked hand. Erosive osteoarthritis forms a swelling around the affected tissues. Sometimes the bands of the fibrous tissue (tendons) along the palms may tighten forming a claw like hand. This is known as palmar fibro matosis. It is treated trough injection of corticosteroid into the tendons. Severe cases may require a corrective surgery. This condition has been found to have hereditary characteristics and in most cases it affects men over the age of 45 years (Taylor, 2008).Numbness on hand is caused by the cutting of supply of blood or compression of the nerves at the wrist due to the bending of the wrist. This mostly happens when one is sleeping. Numbness as a result of compression of the nerves is referred to as Carpal Turner Syndrome (David, 2004). One is advised to keep the hand straight to prevent the development of this condition. Concisely, most of the ailments of the hands lead to a restriction on the use of the affected hands. Seeking of proper medical attention is necessary to rectify any condition in time.

As Ict

Edexcel GCE Applied Information and Communication Technology Unit 3: The Knowledge Worker January 2013 Scenario Paper Reference 6953/01 The scenario should be distributed to candidates at least three working weeks before the examination. Practice files: whitecaps_practice. xls, fixtures_practice. txt, haway_practice. txt This scenario should be used for the purposes of preparing candidates for the examination. This copy must not be taken into the examination. The information contained in the scenario will be included in the examination paper.Further details are in the Instructions of the Conduct of Examinations (ICE), available from the Edexcel website for this qualification. Edexcel will not accept any request for special consideration should candidates be given the incorrect scenario for the examination they are sitting. Turn over W41049A Â ©2013 Pearson Education Ltd. 6/ *W41049A* Scenario Havering Whitecaps Maddy Wright and Katy Parrish have supported Havering Whitecaps since th eir boyfriends played for the team. Their boyfriends’ careers and the teenage romances are now very much in the past but their support of the team remains as strong as ever.Until 15 years ago the Whitecaps were a struggling non-league team with little support. There were times, on wet and cold November afternoons, when Maddy and Katy were the only supporters. In 1999 a magical thing happened to the Whitecaps. At that time the team’s position, both in football terms and financially, was perilous to say the least. However, a financial backer appeared in the form of Harold Adenyi. Harold had studied at the local college and even played a few games for the Whitecaps. His progress as a footballer was hampered by a lack of ability.He gave up on a career as a footballer to concentrate on what he was good at, which was IT and mathematics. He made a large amount of money by creating an online accountancy website called lesstax. com. Harold was looking for things he could offset against a huge tax bill and a loss-making football club seemed to be a good start. He bought the Whitecaps from the previous owners for ? 1 and immediately started to spend money on it. Harold’s flair for business meant that the loss-making football club did not stay loss-making for long.Harold signed a talented former football league manager and with his advice, spent money on players who all turned out to be good investments. The way the manager had the team playing soon started to increase its fan base, so Harold built a new stadium. The team continued to be successful and the new stadium was soon filled at every match, putting the club on a healthy financial footing. Financial success and playing success went hand-in-hand and, in 2001, Havering Whitecaps was elected to the Football League. After a few seasons, when the Whitecaps struggled to establish themselves, there followed a eriod of gradual success including promotion to the 1st Division and two years later the Cha mpionship. Last season the Whitecaps won the Championship and are currently looking forward to their first season in the Premier League. Throughout this period of development, Maddy and Katy have been screaming encouraging words to their team (and the occasional discouraging one to the opposition) and they have hardly missed a match. It was inevitable that as the Whitecaps’ two most dedicated supporters they would become the chairman and secretary of the supporters’ club.One of their main tasks is to organise away trips for fans. This involves buying the tickets, booking the coaches and deciding what to charge for the ticket and transport packages. With 14,678 registered supporters, organising the away trips is not an easy task. With the possibility of over 400 coaches travelling to an away match, the number of transport firms the pair could use was limited. Since the Whitecaps were promoted to the Championship Maddy and Katy have used ‘Rubicon Transport’ whose rates are reasonable and who can supply enough coaches on a match day. 2 W41049ARubicon charge a fixed sum of ? 350 per coach, plus a ? 1. 50 fuel surcharge for every 100 miles travelled. In addition, Rubicon’s regulations state that a driver cannot be in charge of the coach for more than 9 hours a day. Should the whole trip last more than 9 hours (including the match time) a second driver would be required. There is a charge of ? 75 for the second driver. Premier League ticket prices vary greatly and Maddy has been quoted a range of prices varying between ? 30 and ? 54 by the Premier League clubs. Maddy and Katy do not need to make an overall profit.Their main aim is to get as many fans as possible to away matches. Although they can afford to make a loss on individual trips, they cannot afford to make a loss overall. Therefore an accurate prediction of the number of people who will want to go to a particular match is vital. They are also aware that more people will wan t to go to some matches than others. To help find out how many people are likely to go to each match they ran an online survey. This was completed by 94% of their registered supporters. To make data analysis easier, Katy has classified the teams as shown in the table.EG Teams fighting for European glory MT Mid-table teams RD Teams likely to be involved in the relegation dogfight PR Newly promoted teams In addition to the classification of the team, she found that other things affect the number of people likely to go to away matches. Fewer people would go if the match was played on a weekday rather than a Saturday (or Sunday). The longer the travelling time, the fewer supporters were prepared to travel. Finally, the overall cost of the package would discourage some from attending certain matches. W41049A 3 Turn over Description of the modelMaddy and Katy have to be as accurate as they can when setting the prices as they don’t need to make a profit but cannot afford to make a l oss. Maddy and Katy need a model to help them decide on prices. Therefore, Maddy has persuaded her brother Kieran, who works in IT, to create a model. Kieran wanted to make the model reusable so that he could sell it to other supporters’ clubs. Unfortunately, before he could finish the model, the company Kieran worked for sent him to Dubai on a three-year contract. Maddy has asked you to complete the model and use it to suggest prices for the next season’s away matches.Kieran has left you these notes. Worksheet Description Teams This is the worksheet that will be used to set the package prices. I have listed the teams in the Premier League along with Katy’s classifications. For ease of viewing I have included information from other worksheets and have calculated the total costs, revenue and profit. There is a profit for each trip and a total profit for the season. The worksheet will also calculate the total number of supporters going to away matches. Cell B2 con tains a drop-down box to choose the team you support. FixturesThis worksheet is a calculated page which lists the dates of the home and away fixtures. Lookups This worksheet contains a number of lookup tables. There are two blank areas, these will contain the fixture information provided by the Premier League. There are other tables to look up the day of the week, the likely support based on the teams’ classification, the number of registered supporters and the ticket costs for the various clubs. Distances, Times These worksheets contain the distances between the grounds and the average times it would take a coach to travel those journeys.I got these from a very helpful man at the RAC. Customer This worksheet is incomplete. Once completed it will predict the number of supporters who would travel to each away match. This is based on the number of registered supporters and then adjusted according to the home team classification, then package price and finally the travel time. I haven’t finished the analysis of the survey yet so I cannot put in formulae to take into account the travelling time and the overall cost. A friend of mine is doing the analysis for me and he will forward the results to you as soon as he has them. TransportIn this worksheet I calculate how many coaches are needed, the cost per coach and the overall transport cost for the trip. Transport Rates In this worksheet I have entered the transport rates as quoted by Rubicon Transport. I hope you find it easy to understand my notes. Good luck completing it. Kieran Wright 4 W41049A Some cells in the model are password protected. Should you wish to experiment with the model, the password is edexcel. Be aware that if you change the contents of any protected cell the model may not work. Please note that the Football League and Premier League referred to in this scenario are fictitious. W41049A 5

How to Perform Better at the Examination

How to Perform Better at the Examination Does Persistent Studying Improve Your Performance? Would you believe me if I told you that taking a 360-degree shift in your study routine during one of the semesters could transform and change your grades for the better? As the adage goes, ‘practice makes perfect. Every endeavor, be it sports, singing competition or a spelling bee, practice is essential to guarantee good results. University education is no exception, and persistent studying is vital for delighting grades. Is this article relevant and helpful to you? Did its title spark questions in you like what type of a student and reader I am? Am I conducting my studies the right way and so forth? Did it attract, make you curious to find out what its contents were perhaps because you thought the information would be of help to you? If not, were you on the internet and came across it? The purpose of these questions is to demonstrate that reading at the university is dissimilar to other forms of text. For example, reading a thriller novel by your favorite author is utterly different from university reading. Even though many students are aware of this fact, a majority do not practice constant studying and only get engaged when the examination is nearly approaching. Persistent reading has a considerable impact on your performance as it tends to improve it. A students ability to read and understand a great deal of content has two main benefits. Foremost, at the institutions of higher learning, students are required to read plenty of materials for different subjects and expected to attain a particular grade in an examination. Being able to read and understand within a short period will come in handy. The other benefit is that great reading skills will help you sail through the not so exciting topics you need to learn regardless. As opposed to reading an amusing article from a fashion magazine or a novel that you have picked for yourself, some university materials can be not as engaging. The objective of this article is to provide you with some studying and revision techniques that will guide you as you prepare for the exam but have little time on your side to go through all the notes. What is persistent reading? According to the Cambridge English Dictionary, an inert person is who has little or no impact on something and lack the desire to do so. Similarly, a passive reader does not bother to examine, scrutinize or appraise any content. On the contrary, an active reader takes the whole process to another level as they put in more effort. They not only read through the pages, but they are eager to know why the author is inclined to their views or statements, they are inquisitive. Reading to them is like a deliberation, the reader seeks facts, critiques and evaluates the information before processing it. Three phases characterize the study activity; before the study, during the research and post-study and the three stages play a different role in the study process. Active and passive readers will employ different tactics through the three stages of studying. Before the study, an enthusiastic reader kicks off the process by identifying the topic under review, think about it and highlight the things they need to know at the end of the study. For the duration of the study, the lively reader will divide the topic into small sections/subheadings that will organize the process as each subsection is assigned a specific time. Additionally, the learner poses queries which they anticipate the material to respond to as the contents unfold. Ultimately after completing the study, an active reader will make short notes that recap what they have learned. The remaining question that lingers is, how do I become an active reader? Or if you are already one, how do you perfect this art? Well, the answer is simple, practice, dedication and more practice. Below are some tacks that will guide you as you endeavor to polish your reading habits. Popular active studying methods Flick through the material Perusing through the material is the practice of highlighting and memorizing the important parts of the content exclusive of an in-depth revision. Flicking through is convenient for you especially when you are facing time constraints although, for an active reader, this is merely the beginning of the study process. During the period leading to the examination, browsing through the chapters will shed some light on what the topics are about giving you a rough idea of what to expect. Lively learners do not regard perusing as a study technique as it comes before the reading process (outlined earlier). Perusing is only intended to feed their curiosity of what to anticipate. Analytical studying Parallel to active studying where the students pose many queries that the material needs to clear up as it unfolds, analytical studying is comparable to this. Analytical studying involves the reader trying to get into the mind of the author, understand what they were thinking and feeling at the time and figure out the relevance of their message in regards to the context. Afterward, the students offer a critique of the material. Analytical reading and critiquing the material read does not imply that you have to be disapproving and pessimistic, but you give your honest opinion. However, in many cases, analytical studying involves being disapproving. Examining Examining is the process of paying close attention to something. Dissimilar to flicking through the material, scrutinizing takes more time as it seeks to find a specific answer to a particular question. Suppose you are doing your math take away assignment and cannot quite remember how to solve the problem, carefully examining how you went about it in class will help you solve the problem. Examining is particularly vital for the ‘after study phase. The SQ3R System The SQ3R is one of the most successful studying systems that a majority of students apply. This system advises students to survey (S), question (Q), read, recall, and review (3R). SQ3R is a sophisticated study technique perfect for students in higher learning institutions. The method will assist you as read either journals, textbooks, discussion papers and so forth. Unlike the other study methods discussed earlier, the SQ3R will give you a better understanding of the materials you are reading. This understanding, however, does not come easy, the SQ3R is time-consuming. The SQ3R reading technique will improve your study speed while reading classroom-related materials, but longer compared to reading articles that are of interest to you, say an article on Forbes Magazine on the 10 Richest Entrepreneurs in the World. The use of SQ3R results in better performance making the efforts exerted profitably rewarding. Consequently, what is SQ3R all about? Survey The survey involves perusing through the materials and identifying the important aspects such as the title, the outline, table of contents and if there are any demonstrations like charts, tables, graphs and pictures in the chapter. Essentially, by surveying, you are observing the chapter to determine the theme(s) that run through to get a feeling of what to expect when you begin reading. You will also want to be on the lookout for jargons (words you are seeing for the first time and do not know how to pronounce or spell them). Surveying gives you ample time to research the words on the internet or by using a dictionary. Ideally, the survey should take as little time as you possibly can depending on the length of the chapter. At this juncture, critical reading and evaluation are of no importance since you only need to get a hold of the principal theme. Question At this point, you need to ask yourself these four main questions and attempt to answer them. What is the fundamental idea? Is there any proof to uphold the idea? What are they? Are there illustrations used as proof? How does this idea associate to the journal (or any other material you are reading) and to me as a person? The best way to go about this is to read every first heading, subheading, sentence of each passage and convert it into a question. The questions will to some extent convey the idea(s) the author is trying to put across. Forming the questions is not the only task at this stage. You are also required to answer them or at least make an effort. By simply forming the questions you will not have satisfied the conditions necessary for this step, and your efforts will have been in vain. Read This word means exactly how it spells, read. Take your time and study. Studying can be tiresome as it is a weak competitor for most students, but still, you need to study. To break the monotony, take a short break ranging from 10-15 minutes between your studying. You can choose to use the Pomodoro system of productivity and assign each topic a specific time incorporating short breaks in between. This method will help you remain focused on accomplishing the mission at hand. The best way to ensure that you truly understand what you are reading is by writing short notes, highlighting or writing on the margin. The short notes should be the main points, facts or formula you come across while studying. The benefit of writing short notes or highlighting is it not only improves your level of comprehension, but it also guarantees that you capture the man ideas expressed. In case you are using the marker, ensure you do not go on a making spray as the aim is not to be the best ‘highlighter but fathom the material. Recall This step is the defining factor that concludes whether you have grasped and understood what you have been reading. Different people term it differently, but the meaning remains uncorrupted. The suggested procedure is first to put your books aside and try to recall what you have learned and recognized vociferous (you can record for future usage). Finally, look at the questions you had set up and establish whether you answered them or not and if not, repeat the process and reread the materials and see if you will capture something new. If you have fully understood, reciting the content will be a walk in the park, but if not, you will find it a challenge and, in this case, it advisable that you go through the chapter and re-read. Each student has unique cognitive capabilities. Some students can recite a whole chapter while others might find it difficult and prefer to recite after every subsection. Recollecting a whole chapter from memory can prove to be an intricate test after all are we not humans? It is entirely up to you to figure out where you lie and pick the option more suitable for you. Review Reviewing is the last step in the SQ3R reading system. Reviewing is perhaps the most important step that as a student you should adhere to carefully. Owing to the human nature, we tend to forget things over time and as such, you should constantly review what you read, recite it over and over again and in case you have forgotten, please consult your book. A few days to the test, you should reread your materials more frequently (maybe in the morning and at night before going to bed), but if the exam is a few weeks away, weekly reviews should be enough. To put it briefly†¦ At the beginning of this article, we introduced you to the concept of lively and inert readers. My advice, strive to be as enthusiastic as you can during your class readings as it matters a lot. For your other leisure readings, you can be inert or decide to take the active reading all the way. Subsequently, we introduced you to the different methods of persistent studying (try and recall them). The SQ3R stood out form the rest due to its unique features; besides being time consuming and effort dependent, it yields satisfying results. Investigate which one works best for you and run with it towards your goal of becoming a competent reader. Persistent studying is vital for any student especially for article writing and responding to argumentative questions. Active studying not only improves the students comprehension ability, but it also makes them good at articulating issues by asking questions before processing any information. ‘Change is the only constant thing in life, most people say. Change takes time, and you should not pressure yourself beyond your ability while adopting the new study techniques. Take each day at a time in perfecting your art of reading, and with time, you will get there.

Summary of God's relationship with Hebrew people Essay

Summary of God's relationship with Hebrew people - Essay Example food and companions to the first couple; God’s punishing of the first couple and serpent; Cain and Abel’s offerings to God; God’s interaction with Noah; God’s second punishment -- the Great Flood; God’s promise to Abraham; and God’s encounter with Jonah and Job. Collectively, God’s relationship with the Hebrews was established through the Hebrew understanding and living of the themes carried out by these Biblical events. Moreover, the relationship was also strongly made out of the fact that Hebrews, just like the other races, came from the same descendants -- the first couple. Specifically, the Hebrew was said to be a race coming from Shem -- one of Noah’s children. The extent to which God’s relationship to the Hebrews domineered any other relationship. This was significantly reflected on the Hebrew’s dedication. This dedication came to fruition through the writing of the Bible. Consequently, the Hebrew people were able to pass God’s will through an emphasis on themes to the next generation of worshippers. Because of this emphasis on themes, time-lines were ignored and contradicting facts ensue (Dj Love, Chapter 15, Study

Principal institutions of European Union Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Principal institutions of European Union - Essay Example Britain joined the European Economic Community in 1973 and since then, European law has become a significant part of the laws of the UK (Adams, 2013). The Maastricht Treaty which came to force in 1993 officially changed the name of the EEC to the European Union and integrated the three main wings of the European communal cooperations into the European Union. The European Communities Act of 1972 integrated European Union Law into UK Law (Adams, 2013). This implies that the UK is a signatory to the European Union and it has to adhere to rules, regulations and directives. The various institutions of the European Union therefore engage in laws that are directly or indirectly applicable to the UK. The main institutions of the EU are hereby discussed below alongside their impact on the making of European Union laws. The European Council of Ministers is the main legislative arm of the European Union (Gerven, 2010). The Council of Ministers was set up by the Treaty of Nice that all the member states of the European Union signed. Article 203 of the Treaty of Nice states that "a representative of each member state at ministerial level authorised to commit the government of the Member State". This means that the Council of Ministers, popularly known as Council of Europe is constituted of a minister of state who is recognised under international law. Such ministers come together to make laws and rules for the Union. The Council of Ministers varies according to the matter or subject under discussion. Thus, if the matter in question is about Agriculture, the Agricultural Ministers of each member state would have to be present at the council meeting and when they make laws, it is authorised and approved by the states through their ministers (Richardson, 2012). The primary function of the Council of Ministers is to coordinate and make policies that are binding on the institutions and